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Winston Churchill never trusted Hitler. When France fell to the Nazis, Britain was alone in their fight against Germany. There were no Allies, no second front…there was no one. Only the Axis powers and neutral countries that didn’t want to get involved in the war. Standing alone, Churchill rallied the British people by convincing them it would be better to fight for their freedom than to surrender. So began the Battle of Britain and what Churchill would call their nation’s finest hour.

In the summer of 1941, the Atlantic Charter marked the first of many meetings between President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The Charter laid out eight articles promoting ideals such as equality among nations and promising post-war freedom of the seas. It was ironic that in a conference concerning war aims, the United States was still a neutral country and the British were far from sure they could win the war against Germany.

The Spokane & Inland Empire Railroad started as a streetcar line, used largely for real estate development, and grew into a regional electric railway noted for its cutting edge technology and elegant sense of style. Jay P. Graves and the other men connected with the railroad, created land improvement companies designed to provide luxury resorts, as well as plan small towns. Within a few years, the rail lines would stretch from Spokane to Coeur d’Alene and Hayden lakes to the east, with another line heading south through the Palouse, splitting at Spring Valley to Colfax and Moscow.